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Structure/Syntax of C program   Syntax: The syntax of a language describes the possible combinations of symbols that form a correct program. Preprocessor Directive: In C programming, a preprocessor directive is a command that instructs the compiler to perform specific actions before the actual compilation of the source code begins. Preprocessor directives start with the '#' symbol and are processed by the preprocessor, a built-in component of the C compiler. They are not part of the C language itself, but they are essential for performing various tasks before the actual code is compiled.  Common preprocessor directives-  #include: Used to include header files into the source code, allowing the program to access functions and declarations defined in those header files.  #define: Used to define constants, macros, or function-like macros for use throughout the program. #ifdef, #ifndef, #else, #endif: Used for conditional compilation, allowing certain c...

  History of C      The history of C programming dates back to the early 1970s when Dennis Ritchie created it at Bell Laboratories. Here's a brief timeline of the major milestones in the history of C:  1969: The development of C began as a successor to the B programming language, which Ken Thompson created. Dennis Ritchie wanted to improve upon B's capabilities and efficiency.  1972: The C programming language was developed primarily to support the development of the Unix operating system. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie rewrote Unix in C, which helped in porting the operating system to different computer architectures easily. 1978: The first edition of "The C Programming Language," also known as the "K&R C," was published. Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie wrote it, becoming the authoritative reference for C programming. 1983: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to establish a standard for the C language. The ...

 Introduction   C is a general-purpose programming language that was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. It has since become one of the most widely used programming languages and has influenced the development of many other languages, including C++, Java, and C#. C is known for its efficiency, flexibility, and low-level programming capabilities. It is commonly used for system programming, embedded systems, and developing operating systems. C is also a popular choice for developing applications that require high performance, such as game engines and scientific simulations.   Here are some key features and concepts of C programming:   Syntax: C has a relatively simple syntax compared to some other programming languages. It uses a combination of keywords, variables, data types, operators, and control structures to write programs.  Variables and Data Types: You declare variables to store data in C. Various d...

 Computer Generations   Computers have evolved over time through different generations, each marked by significant technological advancements and changes in design and architecture. These generations are often categorized based on the underlying hardware and the key developments that distinguish one Generation from another. Let's explore the main computer generations: First Generation Computers    The First Generation of computers refers to the initial period of electronic computing, characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as the primary electronic component. This Generation spans the 1940s and 1950s and is marked by groundbreaking developments in computer technology.  Examples of First-Generation Computers:  o ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer): Completed in 1945, ENIAC was one of the first electronic general-purpose computers. It was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army during World War ...

INTRODUCTION TO E-MAIL     Electronic mail (E-mail)  is an electronic message transmitted over internet/computer  network from one user to another. E-mail is a text based mail consisting of lines of  text, and can include file attachments. These attachments could be pictures, documents,  spreadsheets, audio files, video files etc.  The key features of e-mail are as follows: • E-mail can be sent to one person or more than one person at the same time. • The recipient of e-mail can open the e-mail at his/her convenience. • Since messages are transmitted electronically over internet, it is a faster way to  communicate with the people. Persons could be located in the same office, home,  building, or anywhere in the world. • E-mail messages can be sent or received at any time and are typically sent over a  network (office network or more likely internet). • If so desired, a copy of the e-mail message that the sender has sent can be saved ...

Spreadsheet Package : A spreadsheet package is an application software that stores data in an organized way and help to  analyse, calculate, compare the data or values. It also enables to present information in graphs, pie charts, histograms, etc. for doing analysis. It is commonly used for generating results, planning budgets, etc.  Some Commonly used spreadsheet packages are MS Excel, Open Office Calc,etc. Features of a Spreadsheet Package: 1. Large Calculations can be done easily and accurately within a short span of time. 2. the data or information can be exported to or imported from other packages. 3. Data or information can be expressed in pictorial form(charts and graphs) 4. The formulae are automatically applied to new data when the value of previous data changes. 5. Large volume of data can be easily organised and manipulated.

Operator : Operator are tokens that does computation(calculation) with designated or given values in expression. Operators when applied on operands form an expression. Operand : Operand is the value or variable on which calculation is performed. Operators are can be classified in three  categorize : 1. Arithmetic Operator : Arithmetic operators are those operators which are used for arithmetic or mathematical calculations. In Python, the arithmetic operators are:   Addition (+) : It is used to sum two operands.  Subtraction (-) : It gives difference between two operands.  Multiplication ( * ) : It gives us product of the two operands.  Division (/) : It gives us Quotient of the two operands. Floor Division ( // ) : It gives us quotient of two  operands(without fractional part). Modules ( % ) : It gives us integer remainder after division of 'a'  by 'b' -(a % b). Exponent ( ** ) : It gives us product of 'a' by itself  'b' times(a to  the power...